AVERAGE NORMAL DHEA LEVELS

---

Age Men Women 15-19 257 247 20-24 347 231 25-29 332 204 30-34 302 173 35-39 266 142 40-44 288 114 45-49 191 91 50-54 158 74 55-59 128 61 60-64 103 52 65-69 83 47 > 70 67 45

* The goal is 300 for men and 200 for women.

DHEA REFERENCES

---

Here are 37 references related to DHEA from major medical journals. This bibliography was taken from the research done on DHEA and presented in the New England Journal of Medicine, 9/30/99. This reference is available at nejm.org. Type in DHEA in the search box.

1. Cutler GB, Glenn M, Bush M, Hodgen GD, Graham CE, Loriaux DL. Adrenarche: a survey of rodents, domestic animals, and primates. Endocrinology 1978;103:2112-8. Return to Text

2. Orentreich N, Brind JL, Rizer RL, Vogelman JH. Age changes and sex differences in serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations throughout adulthood. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984;59:551-5.

3. Belanger A, Candas B, Dupont A, et al. Changes in serum concentrations of conjugated and unconjugated steroids in 40-to 80-year-old men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;79:1086-90.

4. Baulieu EE. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): a fountain of youth? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:3147-51.

5. Morales AJ, Nolan JJ, Nelson JC, Yen SSC. Effects of replacement dose of dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women of advancing age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994;78:1360-7. [Erratum, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:2799.]

6. Casson PR, Andersen RN, Herrod HG, et al. Oral dehydroepiandrosterone in physiologic doses modulates immune function in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169:1536-9.

7. Casson PR, Faquin LC, Stentz FB, et al. Replacement of dehydroepiandrosterone enhances T-lymphocyte insulin binding in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 1995;63:1027-31.

8. Yen SSC, Morales AJ, Khorram O. Replacement of DHEA in aging men and women: potential remedial effects. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1995;774:128-42.

9. Labrie F, Diamond P, Cusan L, Gomez JL, Belanger A, Candas B. Effect of 12-month dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy on bone, vagina, and endometrium in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:3498-505.

10. Morales AJ, Haubrich RH, Hwang JY, Asakura H, Yen SSC. The effect of six months treatment with a 100 mg daily dose of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on circulating sex steroids, body composition and muscle strength in age-advanced men and women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1998;49:421-32.

11. Casson PR, Santoro N, Elkind-Hirsch K, et al. Postmenopausal dehydroepiandrosterone administration increases free insulin-like growth factor-I and decreases high-density lipoprotein: a six-month trial. Fertil Steril 1998;70:107-10.

12. Young J, Couzinet B, Nahoul K, et al. Panhypopituitarism as a model to study the metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:2578-85.

13. Arlt W, Justl HG, Callies F, et al. Oral dehydroepiandrosterone for adrenal androgen replacement: pharmacokinetics and peripheral conversion to androgens and estrogens in young healthy females after dexamethasone suppression. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:1928-34.

14. Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Covi L. SCL-90: an outpatient psychiatric rating scal -- preliminary report. Psychopharmacol Bull 1973;9:13-28.

15. Franke HG. Eine weitere Ueberpruefung der Symptom-Check-Liste (SCL-90-R) als Forschungsinstrument. Diagnostica 1992;38:160-7.

16. Steyer R, Schwenkmezger P, Notz P, Eid M. Theoretical analysis of a multidimensional mood questionnaire (MDBF). Diagnostica 1994;40:320-8.

17. Zerssen D, Koeller DM. Die Beschwerden-Liste (Manual). Klinische Selbstbeurteilungsskalen aus dem Muenchner Psychiatrischen Informationssystem (PSYCHIS). Weinheim, Germany: Beltz-Verlag, 1976.

18. Brahler E, Scheer JW. Skalierung psychosomatischer Beschwerdenkomplexe mit dem Giessener Beschwerdebogen (GBB). Psychother Med Psychol (Stuttg) 1979;29:14-27.

19. Zigmond AS, Snaith RP. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983;67:361-70.

20. Herrmann C, Buss U. Vorstellung und Validierung einer deutschen Version der "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale" (HAD-Skala): ein Fragebogen zur Erfassung des psychischen Befindens bei Patienten mit koerperlichen Beschwerden. Diagnostica 1994;40:143-54.

21. Wallenstein S, Fisher AC. The analysis of the two-period repeated measurements crossover design with application to clinical trials. Biometrics 1977;33:261-9.

22. Corpechot C, Robel P, Axelson M, Sjovall J, Baulieu EE. Characterization and measurement of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in rat brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981;78:4704-7.

23. Melchior L Ritzmann RF. Dehydroepiandrosterone is an anxiolytic in mice on the plus maze. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1994;47:437-41.

24. Prasad A, Imamura M, Prasad C. Dehydroepiandrosterone decreases behavioral despair in high-but not low-anxiety rats. Physiol Behav 1997;62:1053-7. Return to Text

25. Abadie JM, Wright B, Correa G, Browne ES, Porter JR, Svec F. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on neurotransmitter levels and appetite regulation of the obese Zucker rat: the Obesity Research Program. Diabetes 1993;42:662-9. Return to Text

26. Majewska MD, Demirgoren S, Spivak CE, London ED. The neurosteroid dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is an allosteric antagonist of the GABAA receptor.

27. Compagnone NA, Mellon SH. Dehydroepiandrosterone: a potential signalling molecule for neocortical organization during development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998;95:4678-83.

28. Wolkowitz OM, Reus VI, Roberts E, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment of depression. Biol Psychiatry 1997;41:311-8.

29. Wolf OT, Neumann O, Hellhammer DH, et al. Effects of a two-week physiological dehydroepiandrosterone substitution on cognitive performance and well-being in healthy elderly women and men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:2363-7.

30. Wolf OT, Naumann E, Hellhammer DH, Kirschbaum C. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in elderly men on event-related potentials, memory, and well-being. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1998;53:M385-M390.

31. Kudielka BM, Hellhammer J, Hellhammer DH, et al. Sex differences in endocrine and psychological responses to psychosocial stress in healthy elderly subjects and the impact of a two-week dehydroepiandrosterone treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:1756-61.

32. Casson PR, Carson SA. Androgen replacement therapy in women: myths and realities. Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud 1996;41:412-22.

33. Abraham GE. Ovarian and adrenal contribution to peripheral androgens during the menstrual cycle. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1974;39:340-6.

34. Oelkers W. Adrenal insufficiency. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1206-12.

35. Martel C, Melner MH, Gagne D, Simard J, Labrie F. Widespread tissue distribution of steroid sulfatase, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase (3 beta-HSD), 17 beta-HSD 5 alpha-reductase and aromatase activities in the rhesus monkey. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1994;104:103-11.

36. Labrie F, Belanger A, Cusan L, Candas B. Physiological changes in dehydroepiandrosterone are not reflected by serum levels of active androgens and estrogens but of their metabolites: intracrinology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:2403-9.